@article{Goldman_Stiegmann_Craddock_2022, title={Supplemental Creatine, Not Dietary Creatine, Appears to Improve Exercise Performance in Individuals Following Omnivorous or Meat-Free diets: A Narrative Review }, volume={4}, url={https://ijdrp.org/index.php/ijdrp/article/view/287}, DOI={10.22230/ijdrp.2022v4n1a287}, abstractNote={<p><span class="markedContent"><span dir="ltr" style="left: 120px; top: 683.333px; font-size: 20px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.999213);" role="presentation">Abstract</span><br role="presentation" /><span dir="ltr" style="left: 120px; top: 707.917px; font-size: 18.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.975699);" role="presentation">Eating a high-quality diet and engaging in regular physical activity are fundamental </span><span dir="ltr" style="left: 120px; top: 731.25px; font-size: 18.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.968774);" role="presentation">components of lifestyle medicine that can reduce the risk of morbidity and mortality. </span><span dir="ltr" style="left: 120px; top: 754.582px; font-size: 18.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.946464);" role="presentation">Increased interest in plant-based eating may lead to questions about whether meat-free </span><span dir="ltr" style="left: 120px; top: 777.915px; font-size: 18.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.942705);" role="presentation">diets lack certain nutrients, such as creatine, which support vigorous exercise. Creatine </span><span dir="ltr" style="left: 120px; top: 801.248px; font-size: 18.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.957706);" role="presentation">supplementation has been consistently shown to improve exercise performance, espe</span><span dir="ltr" style="left: 120px; top: 824.581px; font-size: 18.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.944477);" role="presentation">cially during high-intensity efforts, in individuals following omnivorous and meat-free </span><span dir="ltr" style="left: 120px; top: 847.914px; font-size: 18.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.940365);" role="presentation">(vegetarian and vegan) eating patterns. Only foods of animal origin contain dietary cre</span><span dir="ltr" style="left: 120px; top: 871.247px; font-size: 18.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.934658);" role="presentation">atine, however, leading some to speculate that people eating omnivorous diets may gain </span><span dir="ltr" style="left: 120px; top: 894.579px; font-size: 18.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.925514);" role="presentation">a performance advantage relative to their meat-free counterparts. Research revealing dis-</span><br role="presentation" /><span dir="ltr" style="left: 120px; top: 917.912px; font-size: 18.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.937291);" role="presentation">crepancies in creatine storage between those eating omnivorous and meat-free diets has </span><span dir="ltr" style="left: 120px; top: 941.245px; font-size: 18.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.954619);" role="presentation">not found lower lean body mass, type I or II muscle fiber area, 1-repetition maximum, </span><span dir="ltr" style="left: 120px; top: 964.578px; font-size: 18.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.979606);" role="presentation">power output, VO2max, or time to exhaustion. Creatine supplementation augments </span><span dir="ltr" style="left: 120px; top: 987.911px; font-size: 18.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.95948);" role="presentation">exercise performance for individuals of all dietary patterns studied but improvements </span><span dir="ltr" style="left: 120px; top: 1011.24px; font-size: 18.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.915357);" role="presentation">resulting from supplementation have not been consistently greater in subjects who follow </span><span dir="ltr" style="left: 120px; top: 1034.58px; font-size: 18.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.957184);" role="presentation">meat-free versus omnivorous diets, indicating that their lower baseline creatine stores </span><span dir="ltr" style="left: 120px; top: 1057.91px; font-size: 18.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.947313);" role="presentation">are unlikely ergolytic. Additional research finds no performance disadvantage for indi</span><span dir="ltr" style="left: 120px; top: 1081.24px; font-size: 18.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.96389);" role="presentation">viduals who follow unsupplemented meat-free diets compared to those following un</span><span dir="ltr" style="left: 120px; top: 1104.57px; font-size: 18.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.959504);" role="presentation">supplemented omnivorous diets despite their differing creatine stores. These findings</span><br role="presentation" /><span dir="ltr" style="left: 120px; top: 1127.91px; font-size: 18.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.942175);" role="presentation">indicate that the discrepant creatine contents of omnivorous and meat-free diets are not </span><span dir="ltr" style="left: 120px; top: 1151.24px; font-size: 18.3333px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.934373);" role="presentation">associated with differences in lean body mass and exercise performance.</span></span></p>}, number={1}, journal={International Journal of Disease Reversal and Prevention}, author={Goldman, David M. and Stiegmann, Regan A. and Craddock, Joel C.}, year={2022}, month={Feb.}, pages={15 pp} }